Gluconolactone is a new-generation Polyhydroxy Acid. It is a gentle and moisturizing exfoliant. Its large molecular size allows for superficial exfoliation without irritation, and it is also ideal for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
Why did we choose gluconolactone and not an alpha hydroxy acid like glycolic or lactic acid or a beta hydroxy acid like salicylic acid?
Gluconolactone, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and salicylic acid are part of a group of compounds called Hydroxy Acids. Hydroxy acids have exfoliating activity and differ, among other aspects, in their molecular weight. The higher the molecular weight, the less capacity to penetrate the skin and the gentler they are on the skin.
Gluconolactone has a higher molecular weight than glycolic or lactic acid (alpha hydroxy acids), and these, in turn, have a higher molecular weight than salicylic acid (beta hydroxy acid). Therefore, gluconolactone provides a more superficial and gentle exfoliation than alpha hydroxy acids, and these, in turn, provide a gentler exfoliation than salicylic acid.
Schematically:
POLYHYDROXY ACIDS Higher molecular weight
(Gluconolactone) Less skin penetration
Better tolerance, even for sensitive skin
ALPHA HYDROXY ACIDS
(glycolic acid, lactic acid)
BETA HYDROXY ACIDS Lower molecular weight
(salicylic acid) Greater skin penetration
More irritation
For Qwadrum's facial cleansing gel (Active cleansing gel), we selected gluconolactone as an exfoliant because we sought gentle, non-irritating exfoliation for daily use on healthy skin.
Depending on the characteristics we seek in each product, it is important to select the active ingredient that will provide that effect. There are cases where strong exfoliation is desired, despite producing irritation, because the skin requires it. In these cases, salicylic acid would be suitable.